Evidence-based interventions for promoting healthy aging: a scoping review
3 April 2026
González-Ballesteros LM, Mojica LE, Riveros S, Zamora VV, Gómez A, Otero Rueda MDP, Chaves Matiz F, Jaimes Velásquez MA, López V, Ramírez L, Sánchez Herrera V.
Summary
Plain-Language Summary This comprehensive review of 219 studies identifies the most effective strategies for maintaining physical and mental function as we age. The findings suggest that "healthy aging" is best achieved through integrated, multicomponent programs that combine physical activity, targeted nutrition, and cognitive exercises rather than focusing on any single factor in isolation.
Key Findings
- Multicomponent Interventions: The most successful programs combine aerobic exercise, strength training, and balance work with nutritional support and brain-stimulating activities.
- Functional Focus: Effective interventions prioritize "functional ability" (the capacity to perform daily tasks) over the mere absence of chronic disease.
- Physical and Mental Synergy: Physical activity and cognitive training work together to protect brain health and emotional well-being more effectively than either does alone.
- Cultural Adaptation: Programs tailored to specific cultural and local contexts show higher success rates and better long-term adherence.
Practical Takeaways
- Adopt a "Whole-System" Approach: Do not rely solely on diet; pair your nutritional habits with regular resistance training and cardiovascular movement to preserve muscle mass and metabolic health.
- Fuel for Function: Use nutrition as a tool to support your "intrinsic capacity"—the physical and mental reserves that allow you to recover from stressors and maintain independence.
- Start Now: While the review highlights interventions for older populations, the "life-course" perspective emphasizes building health reserves as early as possible to delay functional decline.
- Prioritize Variety: Include cognitive challenges (like learning new skills) alongside your physical routine to maximize neuroprotective benefits.
Study Limitations Most existing research focuses on short-term interventions for older adults, leaving a gap in evidence regarding how lifestyle changes in early or mid-life impact aging over many decades. Additionally, there is limited data on how environmental factors and government policies influence individual aging outcomes.